Original Research Paper

A Study On Etiology And Outcome Of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Abstract :

Background: Intra-abdominal Hypertension (IAH) is defined as an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) equal to or above 12 mmHg and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as an IAP above 20 mmHg with evidence of organ dysfunction or failure [1,2,3]. Both levels of increased intra-abdominal tension are known to causes significant morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Clinically significant intra-abdominal hypertension may be present in the absence of abdominal distension [15]. Therefore, increased IAP is commonly measured by recording urinary bladder pressure (IBP).Materials and methods: Aim of study is to identify, The incidence of abdominal compartment syndrome, various etiologies that lead to the development of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. To determine the type and various grades of Intra abdominal Hypertension in which the patients present and the management and mortality of different types of Abdominal compartment Syndrome. A total of 36 patients with features of abdominal compartment syndrome admitted in emergency ward, post-operative ward and critical care unit with raised intra-abdominal pressure in Department of General surgery at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, were studied.Results: The overall incidence is 36 over a period of 12 months, with male predominance and majority of cases between the 20-50 years of age. Primary ACS leading with etiologies as peritonitis. Most common clinical feature being abdominal distension followed by tachypnoea for which measurement of IAP using indirect method like frequent urinary bladder pressure monitoring is used.Conclusion: The diagnosis of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome depends on very high degree of suspicion and recognition of the patients at risk, identification of clinical syndrome and lastly measurement of Intra Abdominal Pressure. Frequent determination of urinary bladder pressure represents the gold standard for early recognition of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome.

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