Original Research Paper

The Influence Of El Nino Southern Oscillation (enso) On The Reproductive Cycle Of Anopheles Mosquitoes Causing Malarial Outbreaks In South America

Abstract :

Malaria, caused by the female Anopheles mosquito is one of the most rampant vector-borne diseases which significantly affects low and middle-income countries. Many actions have been taken at national and global levels to mitigate the disease burden of malaria. Mitigation of malaria is also within the ambit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of 2030 under target 3.3. The WHO also intends to reduce the global burden of malaria by 90% by 2030. Many initiatives such as the Roll Back Malaria Advocacy Plan, Action and Investment to Defeat Malaria 2016- 2030 have been launched. Malaria approximately affects about 300-500 million people with pronounced effects in the endemic regions. Many of these regions belong to Latin America and the Horn of Africa. Additionally, many of these regions also experience the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) which according to studies have shown to increase cases of malaria during these cycles. The ENSO influences the temperature and precipitation patterns in South America, which indirectly affects the spawning duration and capacity of mosquitoes. The reproductive capacity of the Anopheles mosquito is influenced by the ENSO. This review article explores biological, socio-economic and meteorological factors that affect the spawning cycle of malaria-causing mosquitos by the ENSO climatic phenomenon.

Cite This Article :

Article :